Mr柿子

最近项目团队在开始使用k8s了，开发和学习目的需要，来安装一下Kubernetes ，我的系统是 Ubuntu Server 22.10 基于各种镜像和程序都是国外的服务器，速度很慢，而且容易中断。这里我们选择使用国内的阿里云的镜像。

关闭swap 分区

编辑 vim /etc/fstab 文件，注释掉交换分区所在行，使用 # 开头符号注释掉

#/swap.img	none	swap	sw	0	0

然后重启系统：reboot

安装Docker

使用阿里云的镜像来安装 Docker

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker —mirror Aliyun

Docker 国内镜像加速

如果不使用镜像加速，默认会从 hub.docker.com 下载容器镜像，速度很慢，这里换成网易的和百度的。阿里云也有镜像加速服务，不过需要注册账号，根据正好生成一个地址。

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors":[
"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://mirror.baidubce.com"
]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

安装 cri-dockerd

Docker Engine 没有实现 CRI ，而这是容器运行时在 Kubernetes 中工作所需要的。为此，必须安装一个额外的服务 cri-dockerd 。 Cri-dockerd 是一个基于传统的内置 Docker 引擎支持的项目，它在 1.24 版本从 kubelet 中移除。

# Run these commands as root
###Install GO###
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/getgo/installer_linux
chmod +x ./installer_linux
./installer_linux
source ~/.bash_profile
# 如果使用的是zsh则是：source ~/.zshrc

cd cri-dockerd
mkdir bin
go build -o bin/cri-dockerd
mkdir -p /usr/local/bin
install -o root -g root -m 0755 bin/cri-dockerd /usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd
cp -a packaging/systemd/* /etc/systemd/system
sed -i -e 's,/usr/bin/cri-dockerd,/usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd,' /etc/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable cri-docker.service
systemctl enable --now cri-docker.socket

安装 kubernetes

apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

初始化集群

kubeadm init \
--pod-network-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.180.130 \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

-– pod-network-cidr，设置集群里Pod的IP地址段。 -– apiserver-advertise-address，设置apiserver的IP地址，对于多网卡服务器来说很重要（比如VirtualBox虚拟机就用了两块网卡），可以指定apiserver在哪个网卡上对外提供服务。 -– kubernetes-version，可以指定Kubernetes的版本号。 –cri-socket ，指定 ri-dockerd 的套接字文件路径

安装结果如下

root@master# kubeadm init \
--pod-network-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.180.130 \
> --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.26.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local master] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.180.130]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master] and IPs [192.168.180.130 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master] and IPs [192.168.180.130 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 55.503608 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: nk3ad0.wfrdbtpxkpu9zsja
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.180.130:6443 --token nk3ad0.wfrdbtpxkpu9zsja \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0ad358267617bb9783eb2a7f63b0eaa091431a460f2d342b616ca8ee12389c0b

然后根据提示进行下载镜像：

kubeadm config images pull --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

在用户目录下创建 .kube 文件，并copy 一些配置文件进去

# 如果是普通用户，则执行以下命令copy配置文件
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#或者你使用的是 root 用户，则执行以下命令
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

安装Worker 节点

把 worker 节点加入到集群，可以看到最后一条命令保存好，可以使用这个命令；

在执行这个命令前， worker 节点机器上也需要先安装 docker、kubeadm、kubelet

kubeadm join 192.168.180.130:6443 --token nk3ad0.wfrdbtpxkpu9zsja \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0ad358267617bb9783eb2a7f63b0eaa091431a460f2d342b616ca8ee12389c0b --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

token 是有时效的，默认是24小时，如果 token 过期了，可以使用： kubeadm token create —print-join-command 来创建新的 token

第三方快速安装工具

在安装好后，去搜索一下，发现有更便捷的安装工具 kuboard

Ubuntu 安装 kubernetes